A Formula One constructor is the entity credited with designing the chassis and the engine.[141] If both are designed by the same company, that company receives sole credit as the constructor (e.g., Ferrari). If they are designed by different companies, both are credited, with the name of the chassis designer being placed before that of the engine designer (e.g., McLaren-Mercedes). All constructors are scored individually, even if they share a chassis or engine with another constructor.[142] Entering a new team in the Formula One World Championship requires a $450 million up-front payment to the FIA, which is then shared equally among the existing teams.[143]
Since 1981, Formula One teams have been required to build the chassis in which they compete.[144] This requirement distinguishes Formula One from series such as the IndyCar Series, that allow teams to purchase chassis, and "spec series", such as Formula 2, that require all cars be built to identical specifications.[145][146] Despite this rule, however, two teams used chassis built by other teams in 2007. Super Aguri started the season using a modified Honda Racing RA106 chassis, while Scuderia Toro Rosso used the same chassis used as its parent Red Bull Racing team, which was formally designed by a separate subsidiary. The exploitation of these loopholes was ended for 2010 with the publication of new technical regulations, which require each constructor to own the intellectual property rights to their chassis,[147]
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Ten out of the eleven teams competing in Formula One have some form of base in England, in an area centred around Oxfordshire called "Motorsport Valley".[148][149][150] Ferrari is the only team to not have an English presence and have both their chassis and engine assembly in Maranello, Italy.[151] Racing Bulls is based close to Ferrari in Faenza but also has a base in Milton Keynes,[152] whilst Audi is based in Hinwil, Switzerland, with a "technology centre" in Bicester.[153] Haas is U.S.-based and has its primary base in Kannapolis, North Carolina, with another facility in Banbury and a design office in Maranello.[150][154][155] Cadillac has bases in Fishers, Indiana, Warren, Michigan, and Silverstone.[102]